The first quarter of 2020 marked an unprecedented period in U.S. financial market history across numerous dimensions. The unexpected emergence of a novel corona virus spreading rapidly throughout the world caused world governments to implement extreme actions which included shutting down large portions of the global economy. Air travel, sporting events, group meetings, physical store retailing and cruising were dramatically reduced or completely outlawed by most countries in short order.
Anticipating the rapid decline in activity, the U.S. stock market fell into a 20% bear market in the shortest time ever, just 22 days and then continued to slide further, dropping 30% in a record 30 days. Economists now anticipate a steep global recession with U.S. gross domestic product declining ten percent or more in the second quarter before recovering substantially prior to year-end.
As markets plunged, short-term expectations of stock market volatility, as measured by the VIX index, also known as the “fear index” reached an all-time high in its 30-year history on March 16. And the market’s actual realized volatility has only been higher in October 1987 (Black Monday) and the late 1920s. At the same time, oil prices experienced their biggest one-day drop since the 1991 Gulf War, plunging 25% on March 9, triggered by a price war between Saudi Arabia and Russia.
While no one could have anticipated the pandemic and, more importantly, governments’ unprecedented policy responses, we had been in the process of bolstering the portfolio by systematically improving the quality of our stock positions. Unfortunately, over this short interval of about three months, some of the largest companies with the widest moats declined a bit further than the overall market as investors sold these names more aggressively due to their higher level of liquidity.
As I write this commentary, markets have already begun to recover from the March 23rd low and volatility as measured by the VIX or “fear” index has declined from a high of 82 to well below 50. As markets continue to stabilize and the pandemic becomes more contained, we see a brighter future ahead.
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